Where does water typically enter a building?

Water intrusion in commercial properties is most commonly traced to several key entry points. These include roofing systems, wall penetrations (such as windows, doors, and utility openings), masonry and concrete façade cracks, failed mortar joints, parapets, exterior expansion joints, below-grade walls, plaza decks, parking garages, and balconies. In New England, freeze-thaw cycles, wind-driven rain, snow accumulation, and temperature swings further stress building envelopes and accelerate material wear, making proper maintenance particularly important.

Roofing assemblies, especially those with complex penetrations or aging membranes, are frequent sources of leaks. Improperly flashed roof edges, drains, and rooftop equipment curbs can allow water to bypass roof systems. Deficiencies in window or curtain wall assemblies—including deteriorated sealants, improper flashing, or drainage blockages—contribute to water working its way inside. Masonry walls are also vulnerable: Cracked brick, stone, or concrete, aging mortar, and spalled surfaces can absorb and transmit water, especially when exposed to repeated wetting and freeze-thaw cycles typical in Massachusetts and throughout New England.

At ground level, water can enter through failed joint sealants, cracks in foundation walls, or poorly grouted masonry. Below-grade spaces like parking garages and basements are susceptible to lateral water migration, particularly where hydrostatic pressure is present or waterproofing membranes have failed. Plaza decks, balconies, and exposed structural slabs often see water ingress at drainage details, surface cracks, compromised waterproof coatings, or weakened expansion joints.

Preventing water intrusion requires more than spot repairs. Periodic professional inspections, planned maintenance, and the use of durable, regionally suitable materials are essential for long-term building envelope protection. Inspection strategies may include visual reviews, leak tracing, moisture mapping, and testing of critical assemblies. Proactive correction of minor defects, along with proper installation and upkeep of sealants, coatings, and flashing, can significantly reduce water intrusion risks and preserve both structural integrity and asset value.